Архив автора: admin

THE PAST AND PRESENT OF SAIGA IN RUSSIA: IS THERE A FUTURE?

Ecology and dynamics Опубликовано автором

Karimova T.Yu., Lushchekina A.A., Neronov V.M., ArylovYu.N., PyurvenovaN.Yu. The Past and Present of Saiga in Russia: Is There a Future? // Ecosystems: Ecology and Dynamics. No. 4. 2022. P. 28-49. | Abstract | PDF | Reference |

 

The evolutionary strategies of the saiga antelope, such as an early reproductive ability, high female fertility, polygamy, herd instinct and migration, have been helping them to survive since the Late Pleistocene in the changing environmental conditions. In the Holocene they were forced to coexist with humans, and so a new stage in their history began. Aside from the mass hunting, exterminating the saigas, the human impact on their habitat has also increased due to the widespread agriculture, especially in Western Europe, which eventually reduced the species’ range. By the early 20th century, only a few patches of their large range remained: the untouched areas of the lower reaches of the Volga River in Europe; Ustyurt, Betpak-Dala, the Ili-Karatal interfluve, China and Mongolia in Asian territory. The conservation measures implemented in the 1920s by the Soviet Union government preserved five saiga populations that currently exist in the world. Four of them (Northwest Pre-Caspian population in Russia; Ural population in Kazakhstan, Russia; Ustyurt population in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Russia; Betpakdala population in Kazakhstan, Russia) belong to the nominative subspecies S. t. tatarica, while the fifth one (S. t. mongolica (=S. borealis)) inhabit Western Mongolia. Since the end of the 20th century, the state of the Northwest Pre-Caspian population has been of particular concern. The reason for that is the severe decrease in its number (from 800,000 in 1958 to 5,000 in 2015), and of its main habitat (from 60,000-70,000 km2 to 2,000-3,000 km2). A significant part of this population switched to a sedentary lifestyle in the protected areas of the “Chernyye Zemli” ecological region. A long-term shortage of mature males (<10%) slowed down the population growth and, consequently, decreased its numbers. However, thanks to various protective measures, the Northwest Pre-Caspian population has been gradually growing since 2016, and reached 18,000-19,000 in 2022. The further growth depends on the effectiveness of the actions that are supposed to be carried out as part of the “Strategy for the Conservation of the Saiga in the Russian Federation”. In addition to effective protection and full-scale monitoring, the strategy includes the removal of various obstacles that hinder saiga migration and cause habitat fragmentation; improving the quality of the habitats; creating new protected areas on different levels in the most suitable habitats and their integration into a single network via ecological corridors; development and expansion of environmental education activities.

Keywords: saiga, saiga population, animal numbers, range, Northwest Pre-Caspian Region, saiga preservation.

Acknowledgements. The authors express their sincere gratitude to the staff of the “Stepnoy” sanctuary and its director V.G. Kalmykov for all these years of fruitful cooperation. The authors also thank A.N. Gilev for the photographs that were taken in the “Stepnoy” sanctuary.

Funding. The work was carried out for the A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences as part of the research work “Fundamental Problems of Wildlife Protection and Rational Use of Bioresources”, State Assignment No. 1021062812203-8, as well as for the Water Problems Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences as part of the research work for 2022-2024 “Study of Geoecological Processes in Hydrological Systems of Land, Formation of the Quality of Surface and Ground Waters, Problems of Water Resources Management and Water Use under Conditions of Climate Change and Anthropogenic Impact”, No. FMWZ-2022-0002, State Registration No. AAAA-A18-118022090104-8.

DOI: 10.24412/2542-2006-2022-4-28-49

EDN: QVMVAB

DYNAMICS OF ORNITHOCOMPLEXES OF THE FOREST AND FOREST-STEPPE ZONES OF THE IVANOVO AND TULA REGIONS WHEN CHANGING BACKGROUND CLIMATE AND WATER CONTENT OF RIVERS IN CONDITIONS OF ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT

Ecology and dynamics Опубликовано автором

Shapovalova I.B. Dynamics Of Ornithocomplexes Of The Forest And Forest-Steppe Zones Of The Ivanovo And Tula Regions When Changing Background Climate And Water Content Of Rivers In Conditions Of Anthropogenic Impact // Ecosystems: Ecology and Dynamics. No. 4. 2022. P. 50-70. | Abstract | PDF | Reference |

 

In this article we present the results of monitoring of ornithocomplexes of floodplain ecosystems of the basins of small rivers of Tula and Ivanovo regions on the example of the rivers Ptan and Vyazma for the period 2019-2022. There is given a characteristic of the composition and structure of the floodplain ornithocomplexes of small rivers of the zone of mixed forests and forest-steppe zone. The analysis of seasonal and multi-annual dynamics of the floodplain ornithocomplex is according to the main transformation indicators (species diversity and abundance). The previously developed methodology for assessing the transformation of coastal ornithocomplexes of regulated sections of small rivers located in intrazonal conditions has been tested. The relationship between the species composition and abundance of coastal ornithocomplexes has been established.

Keywords: Russia, Ivanovo Region, Tula region, monitoring, dynamics, assessment, impact factor, zone of mixed and broad-leaved forests, forest-steppe zone, floodplain ecosystems, river floodplain, intrazonal landscape, aridization, hydrological regime, climate, precipitation, humidity, species composition, number, population density, abundance, ornithocomplexes, population, rare species, Red Book, swamp-near-water complex.

Acknowledgements. The author would like to thank the chief editor and reviewers of the “Ecosystems: Ecology and Dynamics” for their assistance with this publication. The author also expresses a special gratitude to Zh.V. Kuzmina and E.I. Tobolova.

Funding. The work was carried out for the Water Problems Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences as part of the research work for 2022-2024 “Study of Geoecological Processes in Hydrological Systems of Land, Formation of the Quality of Surface and Ground Waters, Problems of Water Resources Management and Water Use under Conditions of Climate Change and Anthropogenic Impact”, No. FMWZ-2022-0002, State Registration No. AAAA-A18-118022090104-8.

DOI: 10.24412/2542-2006-2022-4-50–70

EDN: JWYDZG

 

PALEOECOLOGY OF THE NORTH OF WEST SIBERIA IN THE LAST EPOCH OF THE PLEISTOCENE: NEW EVIDENCES AND SCENARIOS

Ecology and dynamics Опубликовано автором

Sheinkman V.S., Sedov S.N., Bezrukova E.V. Paleoecology of the North of West Siberia in the Last Epoch of the Pleistocene: New Evidences And Scenarios // Ecosystems: Ecology and Dynamics. No. 4. 2022. P. 89-104. | Abstract | PDF | Reference |

 

In this article we present the materials in respect to the Quaternary paleocryological, paleosoil and paleobotanic development in the north of the West Siberian Plain. Data demonstrating wide distribution of polygonal-wedge structures in the region are elucidated. The structures represent polygonal ice wedge pseudomorphs and initially ground wedges. The former developed in the terminal phase of the Pleistocene in the end of marine isotope stage-2 (MIS-2), and are the successors of the epigenetic polygonal ice wedges which cut the Karginian (MIS-3) alluvial mass, whereas the second formed in the syncryogenetic alluvial deposits in the course of MIS-3. Redeposited material of cryohydromorphic paleosols has been revealed in the filling of the pseudomorphs; fragments of humus horizon are included – they are used for 14C-dating. Spore-pollen spectrum in that filling shows prevalence of boggy tundra and tundra-steppe vegetation. The set of obtained data casts doubt on hypothesis of prevalence of cold deserts and ice sheets in the study area and shows existence of developed vegetable cover at a background of sufficient and, in places, superfluous moistening. It occurs on account of close position of the permafrost roof. Also the conclusion in respect to non-glaciated development of the region in the cryochrons, which are similar to MIS-2, is concluded.

Keywords: permafrost, paleocryogenesis, polygonal-wedge structures, paleoecology of West Siberia, spore-pollen spectra, Pleistocene paleosols, polygonal ice wedge pseudomorphs.

Funding. This research was funded for the State Assignments No. 121041600042-7 of the Earth Cryosphere Institute of the Tyumen Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Researching the Ways of Formation, Structure and Variability, and Forecasting of the Cryosphere Condition, Including Permafrost and Cryogenic Landscapes”; No. 121042000078-9 of the Tyumen Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Development of Methodological Foundations for Interdisciplinary Studies of the Role of the Cryosphere in the Evolution of Substantial and Energetic Interactions on the Earth’s Surface, in the Life Support Mechanisms of the Biosphere and the Ecological Aspects of Human Life. Assessing and Forecasting the Changes in Cryogenic Landscapes and Ecosystems in the North Part of West Siberia under the Influence of Natural and Anthropogenic Factors”; No. 0284-2021-0003 of the A.P. Vinogradov’s Institute of Geochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Spatio-Temporal Ecosystems and Climate Variability in Eastern Siberia during the Late Pleistocene-Holocene”.

DOI: 10.24412/2542-2006-2022-4-89-104

EDN: HRMOLP

CHANGES IN THE FLORA COMPOSITION OF PLANT COMMUNITIES IN THE SOUTHERN ARKHANGELSK REGION IN THE 20th CENTURY

Ecology and dynamics Опубликовано автором

Eremeeva E.A.,  Leonova N.B. Changes in the Flora Composition of Plant Communities in the Southern Arkhangelsk Region in the 20th Century // Ecosystems: Ecology and Dynamics. No. 3. 2022. P. 27-47. | Abstract | PDF | Reference |

 

Based on the analysis of floristic data for different periods of time, this work studies the species composition changes in plant communities of the middle taiga in the south of the Arkhangelsk Region. In accordance with the “Flora of the Northern Territory” by I.A. Perfiliev (1934-1936), we compiled a taxonomic list of higher vascular plants of the Ustyansky District, Arkhangelsk Region that were growing there in the early XX century, and then corrected it in accordance with modern taxonomic nomenclature. We also carried out a comparative analysis of the early XX century list and the modern one, compiled for the same territory, and found differences in their taxonomic, ecological, coenotic and geographical compositions, as well as in the groups of species that changed their presence/absence status. The taxonomic changes turned out to be a decrease in the list by 140 species of vascular plants from 95 genera and 41 families, while 69 species from 57 genera and 31 families were registered in the territory for the first time. Although the taxonomic spectra for both periods are generally similar, the study has revealed that Brassicaceae and Fabaceae taxa increased, but Cyperaceae, Ranunculaceae and Orhidaceae decreased. We calculated coefficients of floristic similarity, Spearman and Kendall coefficients of correlation, and the generic coefficient. According to Jaccard similarity coefficient, the correlation coefficients showed a weak relation, while the floristic lists were highly similar, but the generic coefficient has decreased. It may indicate that flora identity and biological diversity decline due to the environmental changes.

An analysis of the ecological and coenotic composition of vascular plants for both studied periods showed an increase of species of disturbed habitats and a decrease of those that were close to indigenous communities, such as nemoral, boreal and wetland.

Climate changes, in particular, the increase of average annual temperature and the sums of active temperatures over the studied period, affected the change in the floristic composition of plant communities. The number of cold-resistant species of a hypoarctic-boreal range decreased, while some heat-loving broad-leaved-forest-steppe and plurizonal species appeared. According to the distribution of the species numbers along the Landolt ecological scales, the number of species with a high need for warmth increased, as well as the number of mesoxerophytes. The proportion of alien species also increased, most of which coming from southerly regions: Galega orientalis Lam., Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl., Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden.

Keywords: E.A. Eremeeva, N.B. Leonova. Changes in the Flora Composition of Plant Communities in the Southern Arkhangelsk Region in the 20th Century // Ecosystems: Ecology and Dynamics. No. 3. 2022. P. 27-47..

DOI: 10.24412/2542-2006-2022-3-27-47

EDN: APMFXP

ON THE METHODOLOGY OF MONITORING OF THE LOCAL WATERLOGGING IN THE STEPPE ZONE AGROECOSYSTEMS

Ecology and dynamics Опубликовано автором

Novikova N.M.,  Volkova N.A.,  Nazarenko O.G. On the Methodology of Monitoring of the Local Waterlogging in the Steppe Zone Agroecosystems // Ecosystems: Ecology and Dynamics. No. 3. 2022. P. 68-86. | Abstract | PDF | Reference |

 

The local waterlogging in the south steppes of the European part of Russia is caused by the natural (climate fluctuation) and anthropogenic (total plowing) factors. The sizes of the transformed plots (“mochar”, i.e. pools) are unstable and relatively small (up to tens of thousands of square meters), but their total area in the field crops can be up to 15%, which causes undesirable changes in agroecosystems, such as crop loss and weeds distribution. A long-term study of mochar and the data on the reliability of a close relations between periods of exceeding values of the average annual precipitation, increasing area and intensity the nidus of local waterlogging, and distribution of hydro-halophilic plants (Phragmites australis, Elytrigia repens, Tripolium aster) according to the salinity level and soil moisture reserves, allowed us to develop a system of indicators and criteria for the methodology on the monitoring of the development of this phenomenon in a specific territory.

We suggest an algorithm, which includes identification of the areas, subject to local waterlogging, and study and evaluation of the natural complexes transformation within each area. The impact assessment is based on a system of biological and ecological criteria that indicate the hydrogenic transformation of the environment and the biota of agroecosystems such as groundwater, soil and vegetation. Combined, they make it possible to assess the degree and depth of the changes, to give recommendations for reducing or even ceasing the negative waterlogging processes, while forecasting the climatic trends. The novelty of this study is the aforementioned system of indicators and criteria, and the algorithm of monitoring based on our methodology.

Keywords: nidus of local waterlogging, indicators, plant species, soil subtypes, criteria, salinization, moisture reserves, water regime, hydro-halophilic vegetation, Rostov Region.

DOI: 10.24412/2542-2006-2022-3-68-86

EDN: HSZJZB

INDICATORS OF CHANGES IN POPULATION GROUPS OF MAMMALS IN THE INFLUENCE AREA OF THE ZEYA RESERVOIR UNDER THE IMPACT OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS

Ecology and dynamics Опубликовано автором

Podolsky S.A., Domanov T.A., Krasikova E.K.,  Levik L.Yu., Pavlova K.P. Indicators of Changes in Population Groups of Mammals in the Influence Area of the Zeya Reservoir under the Impact of Natural and Anthropogenic Factors // Ecosystems: Ecology and Dynamics. No. 3. 2022. P. 104-119. | Abstract | PDF | Reference |

 

Using the long-term data of the Zeya Nature Reserve, we accessed the natural and anthropogenic factors and their significance for the dynamics of the number of population groups of mammals in the influence area of the Zeya reservoir. Siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus), elk (Cervus canadensis), Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) and sable (Martes zibellina) were selected as model species. The anthropogenic part of population dynamics is defined on the basis of a comparative analysis of the long-term “test” (shore of the Zeya reservoir within the reserve territory), “control” (reserve territory outside the shores) and “background” (Amur Region) observations. We offer a step-by-step algorithm for studying mammals in the influence area of any large hydraulic structures. The first step is to restore the chronology of changes in the population density of the model species, then to determine the time needed for each species to partially adapt to the reservoir, which is as follows: musk deer – 30 years, elk – 25 years, roe deer – 28 years, sable – 20 years. The second step is to determine the leading natural factors of population dynamics. For musk deer, elk and roe deer the defining factor is precipitation in the early growing season of May and June, which determines the amount of winter food supply and the survival rate of young animals. For sable the factor is the dynamics of the total number of mouse-like rodents, which has a significant negative correlation with the cycles of solar activity and long-term trends of spring-summer precipitation. The third step is to determine the main factors of the influence that the reservoir causes on the population dynamics of the model species. For musk deer this is deteriorating conditions of protection, increasing mortality along the shoreline of an artificial reservoir due to various injuries, predators and epizootics. For elks this is the poaching activities and wolves that hunt them on the surface of the frozen reservoir. For roe deer this is the disrupted routes of seasonal migration, poaching and increasing hunting pressure from the predators. For sable it is the microclimatic influence of the reservoir that causes an increase in morbidity and depletion of the food supply due to decreasing numbers of mouse-like rodents. The fourth step is to identify common signs of the hydro construction impact on any mammals. Each model species found in the influence area of the Zeya reservoir experiences prolonged population depressions, low level of correlation between population dynamics and changes in the main limiting natural factors, reduced population density, and increased amplitude of population fluctuations. The fifth step is to quantify the impact the reservoir has on the model species. We used such index as the difference between the average (over the adaptation period) population density on the “control” plots and on the reservoir coast, in % of the “control” level. The average annual losses were 51.8% for Siberian musk deer, 51.2% for elk, 78.1% for Siberian roe deer, and 35.4% for sable. While being under protection, each of these model species was able to partially adapt to the Zeya reservoir over 20-30 years; their population dynamics generally recovered, but the density and migration activity remained significantly lower than it was before the construction of the reservoir.

Keywords: hydro construction, impact assessment, model species, Siberian musk deer, elk, Siberian roe deer, sable, mouse-like rodents, population dynamics, solar activity, precipitation.

DOI: 10.24412/2542-2006-2022-3-104-119

EDN: KJNMJP

ECOSYSTEMS OF THE BAIKAL BASIN: DIGITAL MAP AND GEOINFORMATION DATABASE

Ecology and dynamics Опубликовано автором

Bazha S.N ,  Andreev A.V.,  Bogdanov E.A.,  Danzhalova E.V.,  Drobyshev Yu.I.,  Petukhov I.A.,  Rupyshev Yu.A. Ecosystems of the Baikal Basin: Digital Map and Geoinformation Database // Ecosystems: Ecology and Dynamics. No. 3. 2022. P. 120-171. | Abstract | PDF | Reference |

 

The digital map “Ecosystems of the Baikal Lake Basin” (scale 1:500000) was compiled by deciphering the actual satellite imagery, while using the previously created materials of thematic mapping of various scales, obtained for different territories within the basin, as well as the authors’ field descriptions of ecosystems and vegetation. The map shows composition, structure, current state of terrestrial ecosystems, and new areas of anthropogenic ecosystems that have greatly expanded in comparison with the mapping data of previous years. The legend of the map includes 71 samples of ecosystems, which correspond to the landscape units “stow/sub-stow”.

To display the spatial variability of the natural components of ecosystems, the corresponding digital layer maps (combined GIS) were developed for morphogenetic types of relief, soil cover and vegetation of the basin, developed on the basis of interpolation of various published thematic data and supplemented with information from archives and materials from more than 50 years of field study of soils and vegetation cover by the Joint Russian-Mongolian Complex Biological Expedition of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Sciences of Mongolia (JRMCBE).

The created spatial database of 5.1 GB is a cartographic Web service. It is intended for open use on any personal computers, workstations, laptops, tablets, smartphones running Windows and Android, including mobile ones with Internet access. The database includes spatial information on ecosystems and their anthropogenic disturbance on 9 model polygons (1:200000 and larger scales) and 9 key areas (1:5000 to 1:10000 scales), as well as from 1757 geobotanical descriptions.

Keywords:S.N. Bazha, A.V. Andreev, E.A. Bogdanov, E.V. Danzhalova, Yu.I. Drobyshev, I.A. Petukhov, Yu.A. Rupyshev. Ecosystems of the Baikal Basin: Digital Map and Geoinformation Database // Ecosystems: Ecology and Dynamics. No. 3. 2022. P. 120-171..

DOI: 10.24412/2542-2006-2022-3-120-171

EDN: FZDSSD

MILESTONES OF E.I. PANKOVA’S RESEARCH OF SALT SOILS

Ecology and dynamics Опубликовано автором

Yamnova  I.A. MILESTONES OF E.I. PANKOVA’S RESEARCH OF SALT SOILS // Ecosystems: Ecology and Dynamic. No. 2. 2022. P. 5-71. | Abstract | PDF | Reference |

 

 

This article is dedicated to the career of the soil scientists and geographer, Evgeniya Ivanovna Pankova, who has been studying genesis, geography and evolution of saline soils her entire life. She graduated from the Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography, under the supervision of M.A. Glazovskaya, who inspired her love for arid soils. Six years of work at the Giprovodhoz Institute that included a lot of expeditions to Eastern Siberia, Moldova, Azerbaijan and Mongolia, gave E.I. Pankova a precious experience in the field of ameliorative soil science. After finishing her postgraduate study and completing her PhD thesis, from 1964 to the present day Evgenia Ivanovna has been working in the Department of the Genesis and Reclamation of Saline Soils at V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Institute. E.I. Pankova is the leading scientist of the Soil Institute. For many years she has been developing main areas of soil science, related to geography, genesis, cartography and classification of saline soils in arid regions of Russia and the countries of Central and Central Asia, as well as Mongolia and China. One of the most significant discoveries in her doctoral thesis was the conclusion E.I. Pankova made about the manifestation and inevitability of salt accumulation process in the hydromorphic landscapes of arid territories, especially during irrigation. Her work with N.I. Bazilevich resulted in creation of methodological guidelines for saline soils accounting, as well as maps of chemism types of soil salinity; they are widely used for scientific and practical purposes. E.I. Pankova is one of the founders of a remote method for studying soil salinity. She made a great contribution to the study of anthropogenic impact on geography, genesis and evolution of saline soils. E.I. Pankova is the author and executive editor of the monograph “Saline Soils of Russia”, which is the first major and generalized work on the soil salinization in Russia. Scientific activities of E.I. Pankova are recognized worldwide; she is a member of the International Society of Soil Scientists, the European Society for Soil Conservation. She is the founder of a scientific school that studies and maps saline soils. She has published more than 300 works, including 7 monographs.

Keywords: soil scientists, E.I. Pankova, saline soils, science contribution.

DOI: 10.24412/2542-2006-2022-2-5-71

EDN: BWNKHV

INTEGRATED METHODOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION FOR ASSESSING THE PROTECTION OF GROUND AND CONFINED SUBTERRANEAN WATERS FROM VARIOUS POLLUTANTS AND THEIR VULNERABILITY TO POLLUTION IN THE KALUGA REGION IN THE RADIOACTIVE TRACE FROM THE ACCIDENT AT THE CHERNOBYL NPP

Ecology and dynamics Опубликовано автором

Belousova A.P., Rudenko E.E. Integrated Methodology for Assessing the Protection Degree of Ground and Confined Subterranean Water from Different Pollutants as Well as Their Vulnerability to Pollution and Its Application in the Kaluga Region in the Radioactive Trace from the Accident at the Chernobyl NPP // Ecosystems: Ecology and Dynamic. No. 2. 2022. P. 99-122. | Abstract | PDF | Reference |

 

 

The object of our research is groundwater and confined subterranean waters in the territory of the Kaluga Region, most affected by the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. Our aim was to develop a complex methodology to assess the level of protection and vulnerability of groundwater and confined subterranean water against various pollutants, including radionuclides.

The methodology was tested in the territory of the Kaluga Region, in its zone of the radioactive contamination zone from the Chernobyl Accident.

Our earlier studies that assessed protection and vulnerability of subterranean waters began almost immediately after the accident and were carried out according to the original methodology, developed by the authors of this article. They were fully focused on groundwater only or, more specifically, on the first aquifer under the ground surface. However, this research studies both groundwater and confined subterranean water, located below the groundwater aquifer.

Depending on the location of pollution source, two approaches are considered to solve our main aim. The first option involves a pollution source placed on the ground surface, the way it was observed right after the Chernobyl Accident. The second option involves a pollution source located directly in the groundwater or spreading over a large area, in which case the number of study objects decreases, and it becomes a specific case of the first option.

The results of our research and the methodology we offer for the further use can be applied for assessment of the ecological state of subterranean waters in different country territories, at different scales; for design and construction of fresh subterranean water intakes for drinking purposes; for design and organization of subterranean water monitoring in the areas affected by the Chernobyl Accident. The results of our research are new and significant for further studies.

Keywords: groundwater, subterranean confined water, pollutant, subterranean water protection from pollution, subterranean water vulnerability to pollution, radionuclides, sorption, migration period.

DOI: 10.24412/2542-2006-2022-2-99–122

EDN: CFVOIW

THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC PROJECT ON ENVIRONMENTAL FLOW AS THE BASIS FOR ECOSYSTEM CONSERVATION

Ecology and dynamics Опубликовано автором

Dubinina V.G. The International Scientific Project on Environmental Flow as the Basis for Ecosystem Conservation // Ecosystems: Ecology and Dynamic. No. 2. 2022. P. 134-144. | Abstract | PDF | Reference |

 

 

The article provides information about the international project “Environmental Flow as the Basis for Ecosystem Conservation”. The project was implemented with the support of the Government of Kazakhstan, in cooperation with the Secretariat of the UN Water Convention and participation of the Central Asian countries. The article overviews the management features of the transboundary water bodies of Central Asia and focuses on the problem of accounting for environmental flow, which is important for ecosystem conservation. It describes the methodological approaches to determining the volume of acceptable irretrievable water withdrawal and establishing the environmental flow (discharge), formulated by the Russian and Kazakh participants. It also describes the studies that were carried out by the project participants on the transboundary rivers of their countries. Based on the results, the recommendations for the conservation and restoration of freshwater ecosystems of transboundary rivers are given.

Keywords: intergovernmental agreements, transboundary rivers, water sharing, environmental flow, acceptable irretrievable water withdrawal, freshwater ecosystem conservation.

DOI: 10.24412/2542-2006-2022-2-134-144

EDN: GICGBT