CURRENT STATE OF NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS OF HYDROGENIC TERRITORIES OF SOUTHEASTERN MONGOLIA ON THE EXAMPLE OF KEY SITES
Petukhov I.A., Andreev A.V., Khadbaatar S., Danzhalova E.V., Bazha S.N. Current State of Natural Ecosystems of Hydrogenic Territories of Southeastern Mongolia on the Example of Key Sites // Ecosystems: ecology and dynamics. No 1. 2024. P. 5-50. | Abstract | PDF | Reference
In 2023, in southeastern Mongolia, natural terrestrial ecosystems of hydrogene depressions of 5 model sites and their land cover were surveyed as part of the scientific program of the Joint Russian-Mongolian Integrated Biological Expedition of the Russian and Mongolian Academies of Sciences.
Trends of changes in hydromorphic and automorphic ecosystems associated with differences in topo-ecological conditions, such as decreasing absolute altitudes and increasing aridity from northeast to southwest were determined. Taking into account the nature and intensity of the anthropogenic impact on the ecosystems, a general (integral) expert assessment of their condition was given. The main results of these studies are shown on large-scale maps of the key sites ecosystems, created in the course of mapping with the use of up-to-date aerial images, which were obtained by quadrocopter during field studies.
The main factor in the development and change of meadow ecosystems is the nature of habitat moisture, as well as the volume and degree of mineralization of incoming water. No significant zonal differences were found between soils and vegetation of meadow and swampy-meadow ecosystems of key sites, which are fed mainly by groundwater, temporary lake flooding and small watercourses. The feature of meadow communities in the studied key sites turne out to be a wide distribution of halophilic and halomesophilic plant species in the composition of the grass layer.
Keywords: hydrogenic depression, topo-ecological conditions, hydromorphic ecosystems, large-scale mapping, anthropogenic disturbance, pasture digression.
Funding. This work was carried out within the framework of the theme No. 0109-2019-0007 “Historical Ecology and Biogeocenology”.
DOI: 10.24412/2542-2006-2024-1-5-50
EDN: ABWFMB
ASSESSMENT OF THE INTEGRAL INDUSTRIAL IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE LENA RIVER BASIN
Belousova A.P., Oboturov A.S., Rudenko E.E. Assessment of the Integral Industrial Impact on the Environment in the Lena River Basin // Ecosystems: ecology and dynamics. No 1. 2024. P. 51-85. | Abstract | PDF | Reference
In this article we evaluate for the first time an integral industrial impact on the environment under its negative and positive conditions of development. Our research took place in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), in the basin of the Lena River. It was conducted in 2 stages: 1) under the negative industrial impact on the environment, 2) under the positive impact on the environment.
Industrial impact was evaluated using a methodology we have developed in our previous studies. It allowed us to take into account the multifactority of multidimensional indicators that characterize the impact on the studied areas, including the Lena Basin.
The approach presented in our research is based on a simple arithmetic operation, which combines all multidimensional characteristics of the impact in our calculations, and brings them to dimensionless values to determine the degree of their either negative or positive impact on the environment.
The research was carried out in 25 districts of Sakha, all located in the basin of the Lena River. We analyzed 53 negative indicators (combined into 8 groups) and 8 positive indicators (combined into 3 groups) showing the state of various environmental components. Each indicator was assigned a degree of industrial impact on a 5-point scale; each group was also assigned a degree of the total industrial impact on the environment on a 5-point scale. Then we evaluated the total impact within each group, and compiled 11 maps.
Keywords: environment, industrial impact, water resources, ecological, economic and social aspects of influence, negative and positive impact on the environment.
Funding. This work was carried out as part of the scientific program of the Water Problems Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Project No. FMWZ-2022-0001 “Studies of Hydrological Land Cycle Processes and Water Resources Formation, Geophysical Processes in Water Bodies and Their Basins, Formation of Extreme Hydrological Phenomena and Dynamics of Hydrological Systems Considering the Changing Climatic Conditions and Anthropogenic Factors”.
DOI: 10.24412/2542-2006-2024-1-86-118
EDN: ULALFY
DISTRIBUTION OF SOME INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES IN THE TERRITORY OF THE TALDOMSKIY URBAN DISTRICT, MOSCOW REGION
Shcherbakov A.V., Grinchenko O.S., Manokhin V.V. Distribution of Some Invasive Plant Species in the Territory of the Taldomskiy Urban District, Moscow Region // Ecosystems: ecology and dynamics. No 1. 2024. P. 119-135. | Abstract | PDF | Reference
Invasive plants can cause serious damage to agriculture and human health, transform natural communities and replace native species. Therefore, studying their distribution is very important. In 2022, we investigated the distribution of 6 invasive plant species, such as Sosnowsky’s hogweed (Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden.), giant goldenrod (Solidago gigantea Ait.), Canadian goldenrod (S. canadensis L.), box elder (Acer negundo L.), Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera Royle) and wild cucumber (Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. et Gray), in the Taldomskiy Urban District, Moscow Region, Russia. Currently, Sosnovsky’s hogweed, goldenrods and wild cucumber have widely spread throughout the district and penetrated into its natural communities, therefore making it extremely difficult and sometimes even impossible to control their populations. Box elder is in its mid-invasion stage and has not yet penetrated communities as significantly as other plants, which means it can still be stopped. Himalayan balsam is in its early stages of invasion and can still be stopped relatively easily.
Keywords: botanical mapping, invasive plant species, Taldomsky Urban District.
Funding. This work of A.V. Shcherbakov was carried out for the Moscow State University as part of the state budget research and development topic No. АААА-А16-116021660045-2 “Analysis of Structural and Chorological Diversity of Embryophytes in Connection with Problems of Their Phylogeny, Taxonomy and Sustainable Development”. The research of O.S. Grinchenko was carried out for the Water Problems Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, topic No. FMWZ-2022-0002 for 2022-2024 “Studies of Geo-Ecological Processes in the Hydrological Systems of Land, Formation of Surface Water and Groundwater Quality, Problems of Water Resources and Water Use Management under Climate Change and Anthropogenic Impacts”, state registry No. АААА-А18-118022090104-8.
DOI: 10.24412/2542-2006-2024-1-119-135
EDN: WTHAZC