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ISSN: 2542-2006

Ecology and dynamics

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Ecology and dynamics
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Архив метки: population density

METHODS FOR STUDY, MAINTENANCE AND PRESERVATION OF ECOSYSTEMS AND THEIR COMPONENTS

Ecology and dynamics Опубликовано 10 сентября, 2024 автором admin31 января, 2025

ChemirskayaD.S., Podolsky S.A. Camera Traps as a Way to Study Small Mammals Using the Example of the Zeya Nature Reserve (Amur Region) // Ecosystems: ecology and dynamics. No 3. 2024. P. 36-51. | Abstract | PDF | Reference

 

 

A pika is stocking up (photo S.A.Podolsky)
A sable hunting at the pika’s colony (photo S.A.Podolsky)
Brown bear (photo S.A.Podolsky)
A red squirrel with red coat (photo S.A.Podolsky)
Siberian roe deer (photo S.A.Podolsky)

A squirrel is stocking up (photo S.A.Podolsky)
A sable with its prey (photo S.A.Podolsky)
A pika demonstrating its orienting behavior (photo S.A.Podolsky)
A pika is stocking up for winter (photo S.A.Podolsky)
A feeding pika (photo S.A.Podolsky)

The first experience of using camera traps to determine population density and behavioral patterns of small mammals on the territory of the Zeya State Nature Reserve is described. We used an original method of recording large and medium mammals with camera traps: the load of a certain species on the area of the camera coverage per unit of time (e.g. month, decade, total exposure time). This value is expressed in the number of individuals per unit area (Podolsky et al., 2020).

A Browning Recon Force Advantage camera trap was used, the high response speed of which (0.4 sec) made it possible to apply this technique to small mammals as well. The main object of our study was a colony of northern pika (Ochotona hyperborean Pallas, 1811) located on a stone run within the forest belt. We analyzed all registrations of all species that were spotted near the colony during two summer-autumn seasons of 2022 and 2023. For large and medium mammals, the obtained population density indicators were compared with those obtained via standard methods. Based on this comparison, we assessed the possibility of using this method to simultaneously count various species of both small and large animals. Additionally, we described the influence of the camera traps on the results of counting the number of pikas and the effectiveness of studying their behavior.

Funding. This work was carried out for the Zeya State Nature Reserve, theme No. 1-22-37-1 “Dynamics of Phenomena and Processes in the Ecosystems of the Zeya State Nature Reserve and Tokinsko-Stanovoy National Park”, as well as for the state task of Water Problems Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, theme No. FMWZ-2022-0001 “Studies of the Processes of Land Hydrological Cycle and Water Resources Formation, Geophysical Processes in Water Bodies and Their Basins, Formation of Extreme Hydrological Phenomena and Dynamics of Hydrological Systems under the Changing Climate and Anthropogenic Factors”.

Keywords: camera traps, census methods, small mammals, population density, behavioral patterns.

DOI: 10.24412/2542-2006-2024-3-36-51

EDN: DBCAVG

Метки: behavioral patterns, camera traps, census methods, population density, small mammals

ORNITHOCOMPLEXES OF ARTIFICIAL RESERVOIRS IN THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN RUSSIA UNDER THE CHANGES IN ANTHROPOGENIC AND CLIMATIC IMPACTS

Ecology and dynamics Опубликовано 27 декабря, 2023 автором admin8 апреля, 2024

Shapovalova I.B. Ornithocomplexes of Artificial Reservoirs in the Central and Southern Russia under the Changes in Anthropogenic and Climatic Impacts // Ecosystems: ecology and dynamics. No 4. 2023. P. 140-176. | Abstract | PDF | Reference

 

 

A chick of the European robin (Erithacus rubecula; photo by I.B.Shapovalova)
Eurasian siskin (Spinus spinus; photo by I.B.Shapovalova)
Chicks of the Eurasian spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia; photo by I.B.Shapovalova)
Black-winged stilt (Himantopus himantopus; photo by I.B.Shapovalova)

A pair of steppe eagles (Aquila nipalensis) on a nest (photo by I.B.Shapovalova)
Great white pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus; photo I.B.Shapovalova)
A nesting black-winged pratincole (Glareola nordmanni; photo by I.B. Shapovalova)
Male little bittern (Ixobrychus minutus; photo by I.B.Shapovalova)

Male ferruginous duck (Aythya nyroca; photo by I.B.Shapovalova)
Male European honey buzzard (Pernis apivorus; photo by I.B.Shapovalova)
Female graylag goose with chicks (Anser anser; photo by I.B.Shapovalova)
Male black-crowned night-heron (Nycticorax nycticorax; photo by I.B.Shapovalova).

In this paper we have analyzed the state of ornithocomplexes in the swamp and wetland ecosystems of regulated sections of small rivers and artificial storage reservoirs in the central and southern regions of Russia. The analysis was carried out according to the developed methodology of transformation of coastal ecosystems in intrazonal conditions. We have characterized floodplain ornithocomplexes in different natural zones of the European part of Russia, such as mixed and broad-leaved forests, forest-steppes, steppes and semi-deserts. Data of seasonal and annual dynamics are provided for the main indicators of transformation, such as species diversity and species abundance. Changes in birds’ species composition and abundance in the swamp and wetland complex were studied in connection with the changing anthropogenic (water management) and climatic impacts.

Keywords: Ivanovo Region, Tula Region, monitoring, dynamics, assessment, impact factor, steppe zone, zone of mixed and broad-leaved forests, forest-steppe zone, floodplain ecosystems, river floodplain, artificial reservoir, anthropogenic impact, intrazonal landscape, aridization, hydrological regime, climate, precipitation, humidity, species composition, population number, population density, species abundance, ornithocomplexes, bird population, rare species, Red Data Book, swamp and wetland complex.

Funding. This work was carried out as part of the fundamental research No. FMWZ-2022-0002 of the Water Problems Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences planned for 2022-2024 “Studies of Geo-Ecological Processes in Land Hydrological Systems, Formation of Surface and Groundwater Quality, Problems of Water Resources Management and Water Use under Climate Change and Anthropogenic Impact”, state registration No. AAAA-A18-118022090104-8.

DOI: 10.24412/2542-2006-2023-4-140-176

EDN: DQYCCB

Метки: anthropogenic impact, aridization, artificial reservoir, assessment, bird population, climate, dynamics, floodplain ecosystems, forest-steppe zone, humidity, hydrological regime, impact factor, intrazonal landscape, Ivanovo Region, monitoring, ornithocomplexes, population density, population number, precipitation, rare species, Red Data Book, river floodplain, species abundance, species composition, steppe zone, swamp and wetland complex, Tula region, zone of mixed and broad-leaved forests

MAMMALS OF THE TOKINSKO-STANOVOY NATIONAL PARK

Ecology and dynamics Опубликовано 26 марта, 2023 автором admin4 июля, 2023

Podolskiy S.A., Darman Yu.A., Kadetova A.A., Kastrikin V.A., Pavlova K.P., Domanov T.A. Mammals of the Tokinsko-Stanovoy National Park // Ecosystems: ecology and dynamics. No 1. 2023. P. 162-204. | Abstract | PDF | Reference

 

 

Laxmann’s shrew is dominant in Eulipotyphla communities throughout the north of the Amur Region (photo by S.A.Podolskiy)
Eastern water bat was found in the national park, in a floodplain forest near the mouth of the Sivaktylyak-1 River (photo by A.A.Kadetova)
Northern red-backed vole is a common species of the valleys and dwarf birch bogs of the park (photo by S.A.Podolskiy)

Siberian chipmunk is a typical species of the thickets of dwarf pine (photo by O.Agni)
Northern pika is a common species of the stone runs (photo by S.A.Podolskiy)
Black-coated pikas are a rare sight in the national park (photo by A.Antonov)

Stoats are the most numerous predators in the high mountains, usually found on the stone runs near the colonies of pikas (photo by S.A.Podolskiy)
Sable is the most widespread predator in the high mountains of the forest zone of Tokinsky Stanovik (photo by S.A.Podolskiy)
Young brown bear on a river bank (photo by S.Dudov)
Large male moose of Ussuri subspecies in the upper reaches of the Zeya River (photo by S.Dudov)

Male reindeer on a pass between the sources of the Zeya and B. Tuksani Rivers (photo by О.Agni)
Female Siberian bighorn sheep on a rocky ledge near the natural salt lick (photo by S.A.Podolskiy)
Siberian musk deer is a common species in the subalpine Ezo spruce forests, but currently its population density in the national park is minimal (photo by S.A.Podolsky, 07/06/2022, 17:22:26)
Siberian flying squirrel is a common, but not quite numerous species of the forest zone (photo by S.A.Podolskiy)

The Tokinsko-Stanovoy National Park was established at the end of 2019 with its area of about 253 thousand hectares. It is located in the north of the Amur Region, namely, on its border with the Republic of Sakha and the Khabarovsk Krai. The first zoological survey of this territory was carried out by V.Ch. Dorogostaisky’s expedition in 1914. In this article we provide basic information about the fauna and population of mammals, obtained over 7 summer-autumn seasons of 1992, 1993, 2009, 2018 and 2020-2022. Expeditions that took place in 2009, 2018 and 2020-2022 were organized and conducted by the Zeya State Nature Reserve, with the help of ecologists from the Water Problems Institute, Khingan State Nature Reserve, Amur Branch of Russian World Wide Fund for Nature, Moscow Zoo and M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University.

In the vast territory of the park we have registered 27 species of mammals: Laxmann’s shrew, Siberian large-toothed shrew, even-toothed shrew, Eurasian least shrew, eastern water bat, mountain hare, northern pika, Siberian flying squirrel, red squirrel, Siberian chipmunk, Korean field mouse, lemming vole, northern red-backed vole, grey red-backed vole, wood lemming, Gromov’s vole, wolf, fox, brown bear, wolverine, sable, stoat, lynx, Siberian musk deer, moose, reindeer, Siberian bighorn sheep. Black-capped marmot and American mink were encountered near the boundaries of the specially protected natural areas, meaning that they are very likely to be found in the park as well. According to the literature sources and/or surveys, the following animals were noticed near the park boundaries: tundra vole, Amur lemming, common weasel, Siberian weasel, otter; it is also possible that the Siberian tiger visits the territory rarely. In total, the theriofauna of the Tokinsko-Stanovoy National Park includes 27-35 species from 6 orders and 14 families. This list can be expanded with Chiroptera and Eulipotyphla after further studies.

A system for zoological monitoring was created in the park and the adjacent territory, including 15 sites for recording the relative abundance of small mammals, and 5 sites for observing Siberian bighorn sheep and other large animals. This system helped to carry out a census of the local theriofauna and find out the abundance, as well as the biotopic, spatial and seasonal distributions of many mammal species. During the studies, the work of specially protected natural areas was assessed for the first time, and the most important directions for improved protection of the animal population and monitoring optimization were outlined. It was also proved that protective measures in the park area have already brought significant results. For example, the intensive and illegal hunting for bighorn sheep was banned in the central part of Toko-Stanovik, and the sex and age structure of the bighorn group began to stabilize. In order to increase the reliability of the regime of specially protected natural areas and to continue the studies of the animal population, it is necessary to create a buffer zone along the territory perimeter and expand the patrols and observations to the eastern part of the national park.

Keywords: Toko-Stanovik Range, Tokinsko-Stanovoy National Park, mammals, fauna, animal population, animal number, population density, zoological monitoring, nature protection.

Acknowledgment. We thank the management of the Zeya State Nature Reserve for the valuable help in organizing the expeditions and transportation.

Funding. This research was carried out as part of the State Assignment No. FMWZ-2022-0002 for the Water Problems Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Research of Geoecological Processes in Hydrological Land Systems, Formation of the Surface and Ground Water Quality, Problems of Water Resources Management and Water Use under Conditions of Climate Change and Anthropogenic Impact”, as well as part of the State Assignment No. 051-00007-22-00 for Zeya State Nature Reserve “Dynamics of Phenomena and Processes in the Ecosystems of the Zeya Reserve and the Tokinsko-Stanovoy National Park”.

DOI: 10.24412/2542-2006-2023-1-162-204

EDN: HMGFQG

Метки: animal number, animal population, fauna, mammals, nature protection, population density, Tokinsko-Stanovoy National Park, Toko-Stanovik Range, zoological monitoring

DYNAMICS OF ORNITHOCOMPLEXES OF THE FOREST AND FOREST-STEPPE ZONES OF THE IVANOVO AND TULA REGIONS WHEN CHANGING BACKGROUND CLIMATE AND WATER CONTENT OF RIVERS IN CONDITIONS OF ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT

Ecology and dynamics Опубликовано 30 декабря, 2022 автором admin3 апреля, 2023

Shapovalova I.B. Dynamics Of Ornithocomplexes Of The Forest And Forest-Steppe Zones Of The Ivanovo And Tula Regions When Changing Background Climate And Water Content Of Rivers In Conditions Of Anthropogenic Impact // Ecosystems: Ecology and Dynamics. No. 4. 2022. P. 50-70. | Abstract | PDF | Reference |

 

Common lizard (Lacerta vivipara), June 2021 (Photo by I.B.Shapovalova)
Common viper (Vipera berus), July 2022 (Photo by I.B.Shapovalova)
Chick of the European nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus), taken on 23/07/2022, in a pine forest with the lower layer formed by blueberries, near the margine, in the area of the Sakhtysh-Rubskoye peat mining (Photo by M.E.Koshelev)
Male wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), June 2019 (Photo by I.B.Shapovalova)

Common morel (Morchella esculenta) in the clearing near the Bogatyrevo Village (Photo by I.B.Shapovalova)
Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella), May 2022 (Photo by I.B.Shapovalova)
The nest of black-tailed godwits (Limosa limosa) in the fallow field near the Bogatyrevo Village, May 2022 (Photo by I.B.Shapovalova)
A pair of black-tailed godwits (Limosa limosa) in the fallow field near the Bogatyrevo Village, May 2022 (Photo by I.B.Shapovalova)

Globeflower (Trollius europaeus) on a mesophilic meadow near the Bogatyrevo Village, May 2022 (Photo by I.B.Shapovalova)
Green tiger beetle (Cicindela campestris) on a country road along the field, near the Bogatyrevo Village, in the area of the Sakhtysh-Rubskoye peat mining, May 2022 (Photo by I.B.Shapovalova)
Red-tailed bumblebee (Bombus lapidarius) on a mesophilic meadow near the Bogatyrevo Village, May 2022 (Photo by I.B.Shapovalova)
A young common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) on the Ptan River in Kurkinsky District, Tula Region, July 2019 (Photo by I.B.Shapovalova)

In this article we present the results of monitoring of ornithocomplexes of floodplain ecosystems of the basins of small rivers of Tula and Ivanovo regions on the example of the rivers Ptan and Vyazma for the period 2019-2022. There is given a characteristic of the composition and structure of the floodplain ornithocomplexes of small rivers of the zone of mixed forests and forest-steppe zone. The analysis of seasonal and multi-annual dynamics of the floodplain ornithocomplex is according to the main transformation indicators (species diversity and abundance). The previously developed methodology for assessing the transformation of coastal ornithocomplexes of regulated sections of small rivers located in intrazonal conditions has been tested. The relationship between the species composition and abundance of coastal ornithocomplexes has been established.

Keywords: Russia, Ivanovo Region, Tula region, monitoring, dynamics, assessment, impact factor, zone of mixed and broad-leaved forests, forest-steppe zone, floodplain ecosystems, river floodplain, intrazonal landscape, aridization, hydrological regime, climate, precipitation, humidity, species composition, number, population density, abundance, ornithocomplexes, population, rare species, Red Book, swamp-near-water complex.

Acknowledgements. The author would like to thank the chief editor and reviewers of the “Ecosystems: Ecology and Dynamics” for their assistance with this publication. The author also expresses a special gratitude to Zh.V. Kuzmina and E.I. Tobolova.

Funding. The work was carried out for the Water Problems Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences as part of the research work for 2022-2024 “Study of Geoecological Processes in Hydrological Systems of Land, Formation of the Quality of Surface and Ground Waters, Problems of Water Resources Management and Water Use under Conditions of Climate Change and Anthropogenic Impact”, No. FMWZ-2022-0002, State Registration No. AAAA-A18-118022090104-8.

DOI: 10.24412/2542-2006-2022-4-50–70

EDN: JWYDZG

 

Метки: abundance, aridization, assessment, climate, dynamics, floodplain ecosystems, forest-steppe zone, humidity, hydrological regime, impact factor, intrazonal landscape, Ivanovo Region, monitoring, number, ornithocomplexes, population, population density, precipitation, rare species, Red Book, river floodplain, Russia, species composition, swamp-near-water complex, Tula region, zone of mixed and broad-leaved forests

ORNITHOCOMPLEXES OF THE VYAZMA RIVER VALLEY AND THE NORTHERN PART OF THE SAKHTYSH-RUBSKOE PEAT FIELDS UNDER ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT (SOUTHWEST OF IVANOVO REGION)

Ecology and dynamics Опубликовано 27 декабря, 2021 автором admin28 марта, 2022

Shapovalova I.B. Ornithocomplexes of the Vyazma River Valley and the Northern Part of the Sakhtysh-Rubskoe Peat Fields Under Anthropogenic Impact (Southwest of Ivanovo Region) // Ecosystems: ecology and dynamics. No 4. 2021. P. 103-125. | Abstract | PDF | Reference … Read next

Метки: abundance, aridization, assessment, bog-semi-aquatic complex, climate, floodplain ecosystems, hydrological regime, impact factor, intrazonal landscape, Ivanovo Region, ornithocomplexes, population, population density, population numbers, river floodplain, Russia, species composition, zone of mixed and deciduous forests

SNOW SHEEP (OVIS NIVIKOLA ALLENI MATSCHIE, 1907), WILD REINDEER (RANGIFER TARANDUS LINNAEUS, 1758) AND BROWN BEAR (URSUS ARCTOS LINNAEUS, 1758) IN THE TOKO-STANOVIK NATIONAL PARK AND ITS ADJACENT TERRITORY

Ecology and dynamics Опубликовано 27 декабря, 2021 автором admin28 марта, 2022

Podolskiy S.A., Domanov T.A., Krasikova E.K. Snow Sheep (Ovis nivikola Alleni matschie, 1907), Wild Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus linnaeus, 1758) and Brown Bear (Ursus arctos linnaeus, 1758) in the Toko-Stanovik National Park and its Adjacent Territory // Ecosystems: ecology and dynamics. … Read next

Метки: bighorn sheep, brown bear, negative impact, population, population density, protected area, snow sheep, trophy hunting, wild reindeer

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