{"id":1186,"date":"2021-03-25T12:09:05","date_gmt":"2021-03-25T12:09:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/?p=1186"},"modified":"2021-07-01T05:58:54","modified_gmt":"2021-07-01T05:58:54","slug":"ecological-and-geographical-prerequisites-for-the-spread-of-west-nile-fever-in-russia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/?p=1186","title":{"rendered":"ECOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL PREREQUISITES FOR THE SPREAD OF WEST NILE FEVER IN RUSSIA"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zelikhina S.V., Shartova N.V., Mironova V.A., Varentsov M.I. Ecological and Geographical Prerequisites for the Spread of West Nile Fever in Russia \/\/ Ecosystems: Ecology and Dynamics. 2021. Vol. 5. No 1. Pp. 132-150. | <a href=\"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/5-Zelichina-abstract-eng.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Abstract<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/5-Zelichina-artikel.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/5-Zelichina-reference.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reference<\/a> |<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 33%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-1186 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1.jpg'><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1188\" srcset=\"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-65x65.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1188'>\n\t\t\t\tCentral region of Volgograd (https:\/\/clck.ru\/Tutub)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2.jpg'><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1189\" srcset=\"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2-65x65.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1189'>\n\t\t\t\tHabitats of the birds who carry West Nile Fever (photo by N.G.Kadetov)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/3.jpg'><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/3-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1190\" srcset=\"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/3-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/3-65x65.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1190'>\n\t\t\t\tBreeding places of mosquitoes which carry West Nile Fever (photo by N.G.Kadetov)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/4.jpg'><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/4-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1191\" srcset=\"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/4-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/4-65x65.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1191'>\n\t\t\t\tCity pond (https:\/\/clck.ru\/Tuu6D)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/5.jpg'><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/5-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/5-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/5-65x65.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1192'>\n\t\t\t\tPond in Volgograd suburbs (www.volganet.ru)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/6.jpg'><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/6-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/6-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/6-65x65.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1196'>\n\t\t\t\tRiver Tsaritsa (https:\/\/clck.ru\/TuuKG)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/7.jpg'><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/7-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1197\" srcset=\"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/7-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/7-65x65.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1197'>\n\t\t\t\tSukhaya Mechetka River (https:\/\/clck.ru\/TuuYP)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/8-3.jpg'><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/8-3-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1274\" srcset=\"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/8-3-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/8-3-65x65.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1274'>\n\t\t\t\tMigratory birds who carry West Nile Virus (https:\/\/clck.ru\/TwL3d)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/9.jpg'><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/9-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/9-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/9-65x65.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1199'>\n\t\t\t\tCulex pipiens mosquito is the main carrier of West Nile Virus (https:\/\/clck.ru\/TuunR)\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In this paper we consider the ecological and geographical prerequisites for the spread of West Nile fever (WNF) in Russia. We have analyzed WNF situation in the country, identified the regions with frequent registration of the disease, and estimated the contribution of geographical factors to its spread in the urban environment. We used the degree-day method to assess the climatic conditions suitability for the West Nile virus (WNV) transmission. The\u00a0role of certain geographical factors was revealed by the method of maximum entropy for the territory of Volgograd city.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the territory of active WNV circulation and frequent WNF cases, the sums of effective temperatures increase without the growth of season duration of effective infectivity of mosquitoes. This situation creates favorable conditions for the virus development. As the sum of temperatures increases, the virus circulates more efficiently. In the considered territory, there is also a further improvement in the conditions of WNV circulation due to the sums of effective temperatures growth.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Modeling the contribution that the natural and urban environment makes to the spread of WNF on example of Volgograd, allows us to determine the outskirts of the city, built up with private houses and located along the rivers, as the most possible places for infection caused by WNV. These areas contain a variety of habitats for the virus vectors, such as mosquitoes, and for the virus reservoirs, such as birds, which causes an active circulation of the pathogen.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Keywords:<\/em> West Nile virus, favorable climate, natural and urban factors, MaxEnt, modeling.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>DOI<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><strong> 10.24411\/2542-2006-2021-10081<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zelikhina S.V., Shartova N.V., Mironova V.A., Varentsov M.I. Ecological and Geographical Prerequisites for the Spread of West Nile Fever in Russia \/\/ Ecosystems: Ecology and Dynamics. 2021. Vol. 5. No 1. Pp. 132-150. | Abstract | PDF | Reference | <span class=\"excerpt-dots\">&hellip;<\/span> <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/?p=1186\"><span class=\"more-msg\">Read next<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1200,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[186],"tags":[188,190,191,189,187],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1186"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1186"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1186\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1281,"href":"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1186\/revisions\/1281"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1200"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1186"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1186"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/en.ecosystemsdynamic.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1186"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}